Difference between revisions of "The Chemical Classification of Gems & Minerals"
From The Gemology Project
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| [[Class II: Sulfides]] | | [[Class II: Sulfides]] | ||
− | | Sulfur is the principal anion: includes tellurides and arenides | + | | Sulfur is the principal <SPAN title=" Anions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained electrons. Having more negatively charged electrons than positively charged protons, they are negatively charged. " class="popup">anion</SPAN>: includes tellurides and arenides |
|- | |- | ||
|[[Class III: Halides]] | |[[Class III: Halides]] | ||
− | | Halogen elements are anions: F, Cl, Br | + | | Halogen elements are <SPAN title=" Anions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained electrons. Having more negatively charged electrons than positively charged protons, they are negatively charged. " class="popup">anions</SPAN>: F, Cl, Br |
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|[[Class IV: Oxides]] | |[[Class IV: Oxides]] | ||
− | | Oxygen is the principal anion, included hydroxides in which the hydroxyl radical (OH) acts as the anion | + | | Oxygen is the principal <SPAN title=" Anions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained electrons. Having more negatively charged electrons than positively charged protons, they are negatively charged. " class="popup">anion</SPAN>, included hydroxides in which the hydroxyl radical (OH) acts as the anion |
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| [[Class V a:Carbonates]] | | [[Class V a:Carbonates]] | ||
− | |Carbonate radical (CO3) is the principal anion | + | |Carbonate radical (CO3) is the principal <SPAN title=" Anions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained electrons. Having more negatively charged electrons than positively charged protons, they are negatively charged. " class="popup">anion</SPAN> |
|- | |- | ||
| [[Class V b:Borates]] | | [[Class V b:Borates]] | ||
− | | Borate radical (BO3) and boate groups are anions | + | | Borate radical (BO3) and boate groups are <SPAN title=" Anions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained electrons. Having more negatively charged electrons than positively charged protons, they are negatively charged. " class="popup">anions</SPAN> |
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| [[Class VI a:Tungstates]] | | [[Class VI a:Tungstates]] | ||
− | | Anions are principally WO4 | + | | <SPAN title=" Anions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained electrons. Having more negatively charged electrons than positively charged protons, they are negatively charged. " class="popup">Anions</SPAN> are principally WO4 |
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| [[Class VI b:Sulphates]] | | [[Class VI b:Sulphates]] | ||
− | | sulphate radical (SO4) is the principal anion | + | | sulphate radical (SO4) is the principal <SPAN title=" Anions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained electrons. Having more negatively charged electrons than positively charged protons, they are negatively charged. " class="popup">anion</SPAN> |
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| [[Class VII: Phosphates]] | | [[Class VII: Phosphates]] | ||
− | | Anions are principally PO4 | + | | <SPAN title=" Anions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained electrons. Having more negatively charged electrons than positively charged protons, they are negatively charged. " class="popup">Anions</SPAN> are principally PO4 |
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| [[Class VIII: Silicates]] | | [[Class VIII: Silicates]] | ||
− | | Silicate groups as anions combining with other elements: includes silica SiO2 | + | | Silicate groups as <SPAN title=" Anions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained electrons. Having more negatively charged electrons than positively charged protons, they are negatively charged. " class="popup">anions</SPAN> combining with other elements: includes silica SiO2 |
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Revision as of 14:01, 1 October 2006
The Chemical Classification of Gems & Minerals
Gems can be organized into classes, based on their chemistry.
Class | Description |
---|---|
Class I: Pure Elements | Metals, alloys, semi-metals and non-metals |
Class II: Sulfides | Sulfur is the principal anion: includes tellurides and arenides |
Class III: Halides | Halogen elements are anions: F, Cl, Br |
Class IV: Oxides | Oxygen is the principal anion, included hydroxides in which the hydroxyl radical (OH) acts as the anion |
Class V a:Carbonates | Carbonate radical (CO3) is the principal anion |
Class V b:Borates | Borate radical (BO3) and boate groups are anions |
Class VI a:Tungstates | Anions are principally WO4 |
Class VI b:Sulphates | sulphate radical (SO4) is the principal anion |
Class VII: Phosphates | Anions are principally PO4 |
Class VIII: Silicates | Silicate groups as anions combining with other elements: includes silica SiO2 |