Feldspar

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Feldspar
Chemical composition Potassium, sodium and calcium-aluminum silicates

I. K-feldspar (KALSi308)
II . Plagioclase feldspar (isomorphous)

Crystal system Monoclinic - triclinic
Habit Prismatic, often twinned
Cleavage Good to perfect
Fracture Conchoidal
Hardness 6
Optic nature Biaxial ±
Refractive index 1.52 - 1.53 (K-feldspar)

1.528 - 1.588 (plagioclase)

Birefringence 0.006 - 0.007 (K-feldspar)

0.008 - 0.011 (plagioclase)

Specific gravity 2.55 - 2,58 (K-feldspar)

2.60 - 2.80 (plagioclase)

Lustre Vitreous
Oligoclase feldspar from Tanzania.
Photo courtesy of Scott Davies, americanthai.com


Feldspar is a group of minerals that are very important in rock formation, accounting for over half of Earth's crust! There are a number of varieties that are used in jewelry. The most important are andesine, sunstone, amazonite, moonstone, and labradorite, the latter two known for their phenomenal adularescence and iridescence . Amazonite was used by the ancient Egyptians for carving images of deities, the stone considered a catalyst between the living and the gods. Moonstone was thought to drive away sleeplessness.

Feldspars are divided into two types:

  • K-feldspars (potassium feldspars)
  • Plagioclase feldspars (an isomorphous series between albite and anorthite)

K-feldspar

K-feldspars grow in monoclinic crystals (except for microcline) and have a chemical composition of KAlSi3O8.

Varieties

  • Orthoclase
  • Orthoclase moonstone
  • Microcline (amazonite)
  • Sanidine

Plagioclase feldspar

Plagioclase feldspars grow in triclinic crystals. Its varieties belong to an isomorphous series between albite (NaAlSi3O8) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8).

Varieties

  • Albite (100-90% albite, 0-10% anorthite)
  • Oligoclase (90-70% albite, 10-30% anorthite)
  • Andesine (70-50% albite, 30-50% anorthite)
  • Labradorite (50-30% albite, 50-70% anorthite)
  • Bytownite (30-10% albite, 70-90% anorthite)
  • Anorthite (10-0% albite, 90-100% anorthite)
Timeline image indicating the percentages of the albite-anorthite series


"Confetti" sunstone

"Confetti" sunstone is oligoclase feldspar in composition. The background color can be colorless, yellow, orange, or light green. The colorful flashes are caused by flecks or platelets of hematite. Faceted stones of good size with no fractures and plenty of hematite inclusions are always a treat to see. Tanzania is the only source we know of for this interesting gem.

Links for Further Feldspar Information

Causes of Color in Amazonite