Difference between revisions of "Clinohumite"

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==Occurrence==
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{{clinohumite}}
Geographical 0ccurrence:
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Gem quality Clinohumite is known to occur in two important localities - The Pamir mountains (at Kukh-i-lal, Sumdzin and Changin); in Tajikistan in association with spinel and in the Taymyr region (Basin of Kotui river) in Siberia; Also in Mahenge, Tanzania.
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[[Image:Clinohumiteyv8.jpg|thumb|left|240px|A 9.45 ct brownish orange clinohumite tested at the Gem Testing Laboratory, Jaipur.]]
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<br clear="left" />
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Clinohumite is a member of the humite group. As a gemstone it is rare, but some cut stones are reported. The given below details are (largely) abstracted from Journal of Gemmology, 2007, 30, 5/6, 303-306 "A remarkably large clinohumite".
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==Crystallography==
 
==Crystallography==
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===Color===
 
===Color===
Bright yellow-orange colour resembling some hessonite and spessartine garnets.
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Bright yellow-orange colour resembling some hessonite and spessartine garnets.<br />
Cause of colour: Mn
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Cause of color: Mn
  
 
===Diaphaneity===
 
===Diaphaneity===
 
Transparent
 
Transparent
  
Lustre: Vitreous
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===Refractometer===
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Clinohumite has a biaxial optic character with a positive optic sign.<br />
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The refractive index range of clinohumite: n<sub>α</sub> = 1.628 - 1.638, n<sub>β</sub> = 1.641 - 1.654, n<sub>γ</sub> =  1.662 - 1.674.<br />
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The maximum birefringence ranges from 0.024 to 0.041.
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For a specific stone tested (9.45 ct. brownish orange clinohumite tested at the Gem Testing Laboratory, Jaipur): R.I.: 1.646-1.670, birefringence: 0.024.
  
===Refractometer===
 
R.I. variable 1.646-1.670 for a specific stone tested.
 
D.R.: 0.024 Anisotropic, biaxial positive.
 
 
===Pleochroism===
 
===Pleochroism===
 
Strong trichroism: yellow, orange and brownish yellow.
 
Strong trichroism: yellow, orange and brownish yellow.
  
 
===Specific gravity===
 
===Specific gravity===
S.G.: 3.21
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S.G.: ~ 3.21
  
 
===Spectrum===
 
===Spectrum===
Absorption spectrum: cut-off till 430 nm
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[[Image:Clinohumite diffraction spectrum.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Diffraction spectrum]]<br />Brownish-orange clinohumite.<br />General cut-off till 430nm (from 400nm).
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<br clear="all" />
  
 
===Luminescence===
 
===Luminescence===
SWUV: strong orange yellow; LWUV: generally inert
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SWUV: strong orange yellow;<br />
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LWUV: generally inert
  
 
===Magnification===
 
===Magnification===
Inclusions: Strong colour and growth zoning, flat paralles reflective planes, fluid like inclusions similar to trichites in tourmaline. Such liquid inclusions along with doubling appear very much like tourmaline; tube like inclusions; sometimes swirly zones.
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Inclusions: Strong color and growth zoning, flat paralles reflective planes, fluid like inclusions similar to trichites in tourmaline. Such liquid inclusions along with doubling appear very much like tourmaline; tube like inclusions; sometimes swirly zones.
 +
 
 +
==Occurrence==
 +
Geographical 0ccurrence:
 +
Gem quality Clinohumite is known to occur in two important localities - The Pamir mountains (at Kukh-i-lal, Sumdzin and Changin); in Tajikistan in association with spinel and in the Taymyr region (Basin of Kotui river) in Siberia; Also in Mahenge, Tanzania.
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 +
==References==
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* G.Choudhary and Chaman Golecha, A remarkably large Clinohumite, Journal of Gemmology, 2007, 30, 5/6, pp 303-306
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* Henn, U., Hyrsl, J., and Milisenda, C.C., Gem Quality clinohumite from Tajikistan and the Taymyr region, Northern Siberia. Journal of Gemmology, 27(6), 335-9
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* Hyrsl, J., 2001. Gem News International. Spinel with clinohumite from Mahenge, Tanzania, Gems and Gemology, 37(2), 144-5
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* Laurs, B.M., and Quinn, E.P., 2004. Gem News International. Clinohumite from Mahenge, Tanzania. Gems and Gemology, 40(4), 337-8
  
===References===
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* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0750658568?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0750658568 Gems Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification'' 4th Edition (1990) - Robert Webster (6th ed.)]
*G.Choudhary and Chaman Golecha, A remarkably large Clinohumite, Journal of Gemmology, 2007, 30, 5/6, pp 303-306
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* ''Colour Encyclopedia'' - J.E. Arem ISBN 0412989115
*Colour Encyclopedia of Gemstones by J.E.Arem
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* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0195149106?ie=UTF8&tag=gemsandwhywelove&link_code=as3&camp=211189&creative=373489&creativeASIN=0195149106 Introduction to Optical Mineralogy'' 3rd edition (2003), Prof. W.D. Nesse]
*Henn, U., Hyrsl, J., and Milisenda, C.C., Gem Quality clinohumite from Tajikistan and the Taymyr region, Northern Siberia. Journal of Gemmology, 27(6), 335-9
 
*Hyrsl, J., 2001. Gem News International. Spinel with clinohumite from Mahenge, Tanzania, Gems and Gemology, 37(2), 144-5
 
*Laurs, B.M., and Quinn, E.P., 2004. Gem News International. Clinohumite from Mahenge, Tanzania. Gems and Gemology, 40(4), 337-8
 
*Gems by Webster.
 

Latest revision as of 17:19, 1 June 2009

Clinohumite
Chemical composition Magnesium silicate
Hardness 6
Optic nature Biaxial +
Refractive index 1.628 - 1.674
Birefringence 0.024 - 0.041
Specific gravity ~ 3.21
Lustre Vitreous
Pleochroism Strongly trichroic
Fluorescence

SWUV: strong orange yellow
LWUV: generally inert

A 9.45 ct brownish orange clinohumite tested at the Gem Testing Laboratory, Jaipur.


Clinohumite is a member of the humite group. As a gemstone it is rare, but some cut stones are reported. The given below details are (largely) abstracted from Journal of Gemmology, 2007, 30, 5/6, 303-306 "A remarkably large clinohumite".


Crystallography

Monoclinic

Diagnostics

Color

Bright yellow-orange colour resembling some hessonite and spessartine garnets.
Cause of color: Mn

Diaphaneity

Transparent

Refractometer

Clinohumite has a biaxial optic character with a positive optic sign.
The refractive index range of clinohumite: nα = 1.628 - 1.638, nβ = 1.641 - 1.654, nγ = 1.662 - 1.674.
The maximum birefringence ranges from 0.024 to 0.041.

For a specific stone tested (9.45 ct. brownish orange clinohumite tested at the Gem Testing Laboratory, Jaipur): R.I.: 1.646-1.670, birefringence: 0.024.

Pleochroism

Strong trichroism: yellow, orange and brownish yellow.

Specific gravity

S.G.: ~ 3.21

Spectrum

Diffraction spectrum

Brownish-orange clinohumite.
General cut-off till 430nm (from 400nm).


Luminescence

SWUV: strong orange yellow;
LWUV: generally inert

Magnification

Inclusions: Strong color and growth zoning, flat paralles reflective planes, fluid like inclusions similar to trichites in tourmaline. Such liquid inclusions along with doubling appear very much like tourmaline; tube like inclusions; sometimes swirly zones.

Occurrence

Geographical 0ccurrence: Gem quality Clinohumite is known to occur in two important localities - The Pamir mountains (at Kukh-i-lal, Sumdzin and Changin); in Tajikistan in association with spinel and in the Taymyr region (Basin of Kotui river) in Siberia; Also in Mahenge, Tanzania.

References

  • G.Choudhary and Chaman Golecha, A remarkably large Clinohumite, Journal of Gemmology, 2007, 30, 5/6, pp 303-306
  • Henn, U., Hyrsl, J., and Milisenda, C.C., Gem Quality clinohumite from Tajikistan and the Taymyr region, Northern Siberia. Journal of Gemmology, 27(6), 335-9
  • Hyrsl, J., 2001. Gem News International. Spinel with clinohumite from Mahenge, Tanzania, Gems and Gemology, 37(2), 144-5
  • Laurs, B.M., and Quinn, E.P., 2004. Gem News International. Clinohumite from Mahenge, Tanzania. Gems and Gemology, 40(4), 337-8